What Is The Structure Of Lithium-ion Battery And Its Working Principle?

What is the structure of lithium-ion battery and its working principle?

Lithium batteries are classified into lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries. Both mobile phones and laptops use lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly referred to as lithium batteries. True lithium batteries are rarely used in everyday electronics because of their high risk.

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that relies on lithium ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During charge and discharge, Li+ is intercalated and deintercalated between the two electrodes: when charging the battery, Li+ is deintercalated from the positive electrode, and the electrolyte is embedded in the negative electrode, and the negative electrode is in a lithium-rich state; A battery that uses a lithium-containing material as an electrode is generally representative of modern high-performance batteries.

How lithium-ion batteries work

Lithium-ion batteries use a carbon material as the negative electrode and a lithium-containing compound as the positive electrode. There is no metal lithium, only lithium ions. This is a lithium ion battery. A lithium ion battery is a general term for a battery in which a lithium ion intercalation compound is used as a positive electrode material. The charging and discharging process of a lithium ion battery is a process of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions. In the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, concomitant insertion and deintercalation of equivalent electrons with lithium ions (commonly referred to as embedding or deintercalation of the positive electrode and insertion or deintercalation of the negative electrode). During charge and discharge, lithium ions are intercalated/deintercalated and inserted/deintercalated between the positive and negative electrodes, and are aptly referred to as "rocking chair batteries".

When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure, and it has many micropores. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer, and the more lithium ions are embedded, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged (ie, the process we use the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode come out and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity.

Generally, the charging current of the lithium battery is set between 0.2C and 1C. The larger the current, the faster the charging and the greater the heat of the battery. Moreover, excessive current charging, the capacity is not full, because the electrochemical reaction inside the battery takes time. Just like pouring beer, if it is too fast, it will produce bubbles, but it will not be full.

For batteries, normal use is the process of discharging.

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