Lithium Metal Composite Anode Material Can Increase The Energy Density Of Lithium Batteries, With Large Room For Future Development

Metal lithium can be directly used as a negative electrode material, but there are potential safety hazards. During long-term recycling, problems such as volume expansion and lithium dendrite growth will occur. Volume expansion will cause the electrode structure to collapse, and the growth of lithium dendrites will pierce the battery separator and cause the battery. Short circuit.

In a lithium battery, the negative electrode plays an oxidizing role and is a pole where electrons flow out in the circuit. The negative electrode material is the material that constitutes the negative electrode, and its performance directly affects the energy density of the lithium battery. There are many types of materials that can be used for negative electrodes, most of which are still in the exploration stage. At present, the commonly used negative electrode materials in lithium batteries are carbon materials such as natural/artificial graphite. The metal lithium composite anode material has the advantages of ultra-high specific capacity and extremely low electrochemical potential. It can be used in lithium batteries to greatly increase the energy density of lithium batteries. It is a new type of anode material.

The functional integration of consumer electronics continues to increase, energy consumption continues to increase, and its volume continues to shrink, and the requirements for lithium battery energy density continue to increase; the endurance of pure electric vehicles is one of the important factors that limit the rapid increase in its application penetration rate. The new energy automobile industry has an urgent demand for high-energy-density lithium batteries. The metal lithium composite anode material has a high theoretical specific capacity and extremely low electrochemical potential. It is an ideal anode material for high-energy density lithium batteries. It is expected to replace graphite materials in the future, and the market has huge room for development.

According to the "In-depth Market Research and Investment Strategy Recommendation Report on the Metal Lithium Composite Anode Material Industry for 2021-2025" released by the New Sijie Industry Research Center, my country's anode material market will continue to grow from 2015 to 2020, with an average annual compound growth rate. More than 30%; in 2020, my country's anode material shipments will be about 370,000 tons. At this stage, in my country's anode material market, artificial graphite and natural graphite occupy an absolute dominant position. If metal lithium composite anode materials can replace graphite materials in the future, there is broad room for development.

The preparation methods of metal lithium composite anode materials mainly include: using in-situ reaction method to prepare lithium nitride (Li3N) film on the surface of metal lithium; using magnetron sputtering method to deposit a-C nano film on the surface of metal lithium; using suction filtration method , Hydrazine hydrate reduction, mechanical compaction and other processes to prepare rGO/Li composite anode materials; using 3D materials as a carrier, molten metal lithium is injected into the 3D materials to obtain composite anode materials, etc.

Metal lithium can be directly used as a negative electrode material, but there are potential safety hazards. During long-term recycling, problems such as volume expansion and lithium dendrite growth will occur. Volume expansion will cause the electrode structure to collapse, and the growth of lithium dendrites will pierce the battery separator and cause the battery. Short circuit. These factors limit the use of lithium metal as a negative electrode material. The lithium metal composite negative electrode material can effectively solve these problems, so its technical research continues to deepen.

Industry analysts in New Thinking said that in 2021, the Chinese government will list high-energy-density metal lithium-based secondary batteries and their key materials as a key special item of "high-end functional and smart materials", and propose the basic science of studying metal lithium-based secondary batteries Issues, key materials and technologies. Driven by national policies, the pace of technical research on lithium metal composite anode materials in my country and the industrialization of research results are expected to accelerate.

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